INFOGRAPHIC RECOUNT TEXT

PAMPHLET ABOUT COVID-19

EDU PASSION DARYASKARA 2020

EDU PASSION DARYASKARA 2020

youtube: https://youtu.be/l5QTiw6aVYU

Tangled

TANGLED

Once upon a time, log time ago, deep in a forest lived an evil witch. Gothel, the evil witch had a magical flower, that helped her hide her true age. This flower had great healing flowers.

Now, not far from the forest was a kingdom. The queen of the kingdom had been expecting a child for long. But due to certain unexpected complexities, she had endangered her own life as well as of the unborn child. Now, in search for something to save the queen's life and the unborn child, the soldiers found the flower Gothel had in her garden.

The flower was given to the queen and the queen quickly recovered. And soon a beautiful baby princess was welcomed. While celebrations enveloped the kingdom, Gothel the evil witch cried in agony upon finding her flower being stolen. But soon, she heard about the daughter of the king held the same power as the flower. It was the hair of the princess to be exact. She also came to known that if the hair was cut off the golden hair turned black and lost power. 

So, alone she hatched a plan and implemented it too. She sneaked into the castle and stole the princess away in the dead of the night. The poor infant of a princess was taken away to a high walled tower, that was Gothel's home and locked in the highest room. "She shall stay here, and help me disguise my age, forever and ever more!"

Poor princess grew in the castle tower not knowing who she truly was until she met with an intruder and had an adventure. Flynn Rider, a well known bandit enter Rapunzel's castle in search of something to steal. But he had not anticipated that he would beknocked out and captured. When he woke, he found a girl with long beautiful golden lockes staring at him. "Who are you? Why are you here?"

Now, Flynn Rider has run away from the kingdom after stealing the Rapunzel's crown. But before Flynn could say something, Rapunzel begins searching his things and discovered a crown. She says "You shall take me to see the lanterns and when we return after you fulfill that deal, I'll return your crown!"

Now, every year the king and queen realized sky lanterns in hope of their lost daughter's return. Flynn agreed, hesientaly. And so Rapunzel introduced Flynn to Gothel, in hopes of showing her mother that she could take care of herself. But this only enrages Gothel, so Gothel tells her that she would bring Rapunzel magic paint. "Now, mother will be away for 3 days," Gothel said before departing to get the paint. "Behave well, Rapunzel. Know that mother loves you."

But Rapunzel had her eyes set on the sky lantern. So, she called Flynn Rider and persuaded him to take her with him. While they were on their way, the duo comes to a pub. Rapunzel's mother, Gothel had warned her of such people. But she finds out that they were nice people. Who also helped them escape when the royal soldiers came for Flynn. 

But as the two are making their way, the dam breaks and the water surrounds them. Flynn thinks that he would die so he tells her hair glowed when she sang. In the end, Rapunzel's glowing hair saved their lives. Gothel, while o her way to get the magic paint for Rapunzel, spots Rapunzel with Flynn.

At night, when Rapunzel and Flynn had just gotten away from the broken dam and its waters, Gothel along with Stabbingtons who used to be Flynn's partners, show Rapunzel the crown and challenge her to think more about Flynn's interest. Rapunzel and Flynn don't talk that night after that. But the next morning, Maximus, the lead horse of the royal army finds Flynn and tried to take him away. But Rapunzel tells them that it is her birthday, and they should be friendly.


Finally getting them to be friends they go to the kingdom. There they enjoy the festivities all day long like singing and dancing also seeing the lantern in a boat.  Rapunzel gives the crown back to Flynn. Before he could say something he sees the Stabbingtons and decides to return the crown. What he did not know, was that Stabbingtons were planning to betray him and were now partnered with Gothel. So they tied Flynn up and threw him in a boat and tell Rapunzel that Flynn ran off with the crown.

Seeing this, Gothel bertrays the Stabbingtons and rescues Rapunzel and takes her back to the tower, as the Stabbingtons and Flynn are capture.

Eugene is sentenced to death. Hearing this, Eugene's friends from the pub help him and get him out. While in the tower, Rapunzel realizes that she was the lost princess. She confronts Gothel, who only becomes angry.

Maximus helps Eugene to reach the tower. He climbs as fast as he could only to found Rapunzel in chains. While he tries to save her, Gothel stabs him leaving Rapunzel in shocks. Rapunzel begs her to save him and then agrees to lifelong captivity if only she was allowed to heal Flynn. Gothel happy with this unchains Rapunzel who cries as she sings trying to heal dying Eugene.

As Eugene dies, he cuts off Rapunzel's hair, killing all the magic and rapidly killing the Gothel by saying "you were my new dream,". As Rapunzel cries, a teardrop falls on Eugene's face. It turns out that her tears still have the healing powers and Eugene slowly comes back to life. After that, they return to their kingdom . The king and queen become extremely happy after seeing their daughter. Eugene's crimes are pardoned and the kingdom celebrates the return of the princess.

QUESTION

1. How can Rapunzel save Flynn's live?
2. Why doesn't Gothel allow Rapunzel to come out of the tower?
3. Why Flynn and Maximus can be friends?
4. What is the benefits of the magical flower?
5. What is the moral value of this story?

STORY TELLING
https://youtu.be/3S_3bpC9S-o

Holiday in Malaysia

Holiday in Malaysia

Last month, me and my family decided to go to Malaysia. We went to Malaysia on 22 December 2019. I went to Malaysia with my mom and my cousin, Kak Dewi. We took a flight at 4 PM. It was about 2 hours long. Me and my mm stayed in Malaysia about 2 weeks, but Kak Dewi stayed in there until 23 February because of college.

When we arrived at Kuala Lumpur International Airport, my cousins, Kak Ilham and Kak Putri picked us up at 7 PM. After that, we decided to go to mall for dinner. We ate some bowl of mini noodle and chicken wings. The taste of that mini noodle and chicken wings were amazing! We enjoy our little dinner in that mall. We also had a funny conversation during our little dinner. After we took a dinner, we decided to go to our apartment and take a rest for the next day. 

Next day, me and my mom just took a walk at the garden in our apartment because at that day I was sick. Kak Putri and Kak Ilham went to their office and Kak Dewi went to her campus for took her assignment at that day. After Kak Putri and Kak Ilham finished their job, we went to a restaurant for dinner. The name of that restaurant is Steven's Corner. We ate Indian food such as roti canai that greased with curry sauce.

On Tuesday, 24 December 2019 we decided to go to KL Tower and Twin Tower. We went there using LRT Sri Petaling and arrived in Bukit Nanas Monorail. We took a walk for 5 minutes for reached our destination, KL Tower. In KL Tower, we took a picture in sky box. Sky box is a unique box that made of glass, so the visitors can enjoy the panoramic view of Kuala Lumpur. We also went to Kl Tower's observation deck. After that, we went to Twin Tower. Many people took a picture of Twin Tower including me. After that, we entered the Suria KLCC Mall and took a dinner in there. We also went to Suria KLCC's water fountain and took a picture in there.

Next day, me and my family went to Thean Hou Temple. Thean Hou Temple is a syncretic mix of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. In that temple, we can saw many sculpture of god such as the god of wedding and love (Yue Lao) and the god of sea (Mazu). We took a picture in Thean Hou Temple but we didn't disturb the people who prayed in that temple. After we went to Thean Hou Temple, we went to mall for took a dinner. 

On Thursday, me and my mom went to Chinatown. My cousins didn't go with us because they had to work and study at her campus. Me and my mom went to Chinatown by LRT Sri Petaling at Awan Besar Station and arrived at Pasar Seni Station. After we arrived at Pasar Seni Station, we took a walk for 5 minutes to reach Petaling Street. In Petaling Street, we shopped and we bought chestnut (but in my family, we called it shaolin nut). After that, we went to Sri Mahamariamman Temple. Sri Mahamariamman Temple is the oldest Hindu temple in Kuala Lumpur. In there, we saw many of their god sculpture. Many of people prayed in that place, so we only took a picture of Sri Mahamariamman gate. Finally, we went to Central Market. In Central Market, we saw many kind of things that had a characteristic of Malaysia.

Next day, we went to Sultan Abdul Somad Building at Merdeka Square. We took LRT Sri Petaling at Awan Besar Station and we arrived at Masjid Jamek Station. The Sultan Abdul Somad Building is a late-nineteenth century building located along Jalan Raja in front of the Dataran Merdeka and the Royal Selangor Club in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. After we took a picture at there, we went to Dataran Merdeka. In Dataran Merdeka, there was a gallery. That gallery called Kuala Lumpur City Gallery. In there, we can saw many things such as miniature of Kuala Lumpur. We also can ate Musang King Durian cake and 3 layer tea. After we went to Kuala Lumpur City Gallery, we went to Masjid Jamek. In Masjid Jamek, we prayed Ashar in there. We also took a picture of the mosque.

On Saturday, me and my family went to Genting Highlands. We went to there at 6 AM because if we want to took the cable car for a ride, we must went to that place at the morning for took a long queue. After we took the cable car for a ride, we went to a temple called Chin Swee Caves Temple. The Chin Swee Caves Temple is a Chinese temple in Genting Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. It is situated in the most scenic site of Genting Highlands, on a 28-acre plot of rocky forested land donated by Genting Group founder the late Lim Goh Tong.  The temple told us about afterlife, both in hell or in heaven. After we went to Chin Swee Caves Temple, we went to Genting Shopping Mall. In there, there were many branded that had a big discount. We bought things such as shoes, sandals, clothes, jeans, bag, sunglasses, and watch. We also had a lunch in there. We watch the Christmas attraction and relaxed in bean chair. At night, we went to a restaurant called Mee Tarik Restaurant. We ate the recommendation menu in there called mushroom mee tarik. 

Next day, we went to Pavilion Kuala Lumpur. In there, we took a lunch and I made a big wrong decision. So, my cousin told me if I had a bangs, I will looked cute. I was attracted by what my cousin said because I loved her bangs. I think I will looked cute as her. But it was 100 percent wrong. I even looked like a child who was lost in the crowd. But now I can handle my bangs. If I don't wanna use my bangs, I can wear the hairpin. But until now, my cousin still laugh at me because of my bangs.

On Wednesday, we celebrated new year at twin tower. But it wasn't accordance with our expectation. Our expectation was many of firework that appeared from behind the twin tower. But the reality is there was 2-5 of explosion of the fireworks. All of people that waited for the moment was disappointed.

On Thursday, me and my cousins went to Sunway Lagoon. We ordered 2 day pass ticket. So, Thursday was the day 1. We decided to played on the amusement park first and for the waterpark, we decided to played tomorrow. But in Sunway Lagoon, I had a bad experience in there. So, I wanted to play pirate's revenge. But my cousins didn't want to play that, so they wait for me. After I finished play in pirate's revenge, I didn't saw my cousins. I was super panic in there, but i tried to stay calm. I walked about 15 minutes to searched my cousins, but the result was nothing. I didn't find my cousins. But, there was a police that noticed me and he asked me why i acted like the confusion people. So, I said I was lost. That police brought me to the police center and announced me as a missing child. That was a shameful experience. But finally, I met my cousins. I asked them where did they go and they said they were eat. I was super angry at that moment. But my cousins just underestimated that problem.

On the next day, me and my cousins continued our holiday in Sunway Lagoon. But at that day we played  in waterpark. In waterpark, we played 180 degrees slide. At first, I was scared but my cousins assured me to played that. Evidently, that was the best slide that I ever played. We watch the main attraction of the waterpark in wave pool. We watch mini drama and enjoyed the wave which is accompanied by songs that had a good beat. We really enjoyed it!

On Sunday, me and my mom must back to Bandung because at Monday I must went to school. So, our flight was at 5 AM. My cousins took me and my mom to airport and when we arrived at Soekarno-Hatta Airport, my dad picked us up and warmly welcomed us back.    

  

Biography of Bazzi

ANDREW BAZZI

Born : August 28, 1997 (age 22), Canton, Michigan.

Occupation : Singer - Songwriter - Rapper - Record producer

Years active : 2015 - present

Genres : Pop - R&B

Instruments : Vocals - Guitar - Piano

Website : bazziofficial.com

Andrew Bazzi (born August 28, 1997), known mononymously as Bazzi, is an American singer, songwriter, rapper and record producer. His song "Mine", released in October 2017, gained popularity in early 2018 when it became a meme through the use of a Snapchat lens filter featuring the song. It peaked at number 11 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and appeared on several international charts. He released his debut studio album, Cosmic, in 2018, which peaked at number 14 on the Billboard 200 chart.

Early life and education

Bazzi was born on August 28, 1997, in Canton, Michigan. His father is Lebanese. He learned to play the Arabic and Kazoo oud and guitar as a child. In 2012, he began posting covers of songs on his YouTube channel. In November 2014, he moved to the Los Angeles area to pursue a music career. He finished high school at Santa Monica High School in 2015. He went to Plymouth-Canton Educational Park, where he also met Rajiv Dhall, in Michigan before moving.

Career

Bazzi created a Vine account in July 2013. By 2015, he had accrued 1.5 million followers on the site. In September of that year, he became the first artist to release a Vine "Featured Track" which was entitled, "Bring You Home". In 2016, he was featured on the Fancy Cars' track "Fun". Over the course of the next two years, Bazzi released several singles including "Alone" (which was produced in Seoul, South Korea), "Beautiful", "Got Friends", and "Sober". Bazzi has cited artists Justin Timberlake, Bryson Tiller, Duran Duran and Guns N' Roses among his influences.

In October 2017, he released the single "Mine". Within days of its release, an A&R executive at Warner Music-affiliated Artist Partner Group had signed him to a deal including his songwriter Henry Fredrickson from Minnesota. The song increased in popularity after becoming an Internet meme, through videos featuring a slideshow of different pictures of the subject of the video with the Snapchat "hearts" filter and overlaying lyrics. In January 2018, the song appeared on the Billboard Hot 100, debuting at number 56. As of April 2018, the song's peak on the list was number 11. Bazzi also released three new singles in 2018, "Why?", "Gone" and "Honest". He is currently working on a collaboration with Marshmello. On March 13, 2018, Bazzi was announced as the special guest on Camila Cabello's Never Be the Same Tour's North American leg. On April 17, 2018, Cosmic debuted at number 35 and later peaked at number 14 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart. Bazzi joined Justin Timberlake's Man of the Woods Tour as the opening act for the European leg. He received a nomination for an MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist. Bazzi collaborated with Camila Cabello on a remix of the song "Beautiful", which was released on August 2, 2018. Bazzi performed "Beautiful" on a float in the 2018 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade.

Bazzi worked with K-pop entertainment company SM Entertainment to co-write songs for two of their boy bands, EXO and NCT Dream. With NCT Dream, he co-wrote "We Go Up" with their member Mark for the EP, We Go Up. With EXO, he co-wrote "The Eve" for the studio album The War, and "Ooh La La La" and "Oasis" for the studio album Don’t Mess Up My Tempo. He also co-wrote song "Give Me a Chance" with Chinese singer and Exo member Lay Zhang for his studio album Namanana.

In April 2019, Bazzi released "Caught in the Fire" and "Paradise". On August 8, 2019, he released his debut mixtape Soul Searching, which includes the song "Paradise", as well as "Focus" (featuring 21 Savage) and "I.F.L.Y.".

Cosmic (album)

No.	Title	Writer(s)	Producer(s)	Length
1.	"Dreams"	Andrew Bazzi James LaVigne		2:27
2.	"Soarin"	Bazzi LaVigne	Rice N' Peas Bazzi Dallas Caton	2:57
3.	"Myself"	Bazzi LaVigne		2:47
4.	"Star"	Bazzi Madison Love	Rice N' Peas Bazzi Thomas Eriksen	2:49
5.	"Why?"	Bazzi		2:28
6.	"3:15"	Bazzi		2:47
7.	"Honest"	Bazzi LaVigne		2:55
8.	"Mirror"	Bazzi Van Morrison		2:20
9.	"Gone"	Bazzi		2:12
10.	"Fantasy"	Bazzi		2:28
11.	"BRB"	Bazzi		2:40
12.	"Cartier"	Bazzi		2:52
13.	"Beautiful"	Bazzi		2:58
14.	"Mine"	Bazzi		2:11
15.	"Changed"	Bazzi		2:23
16.	"Somebody"	Bazzi LaVigne		2:50

Honest

Bazzi’s “Honest” illustrates the delicate emotions behind romantic betrayal and regret. With a heavy synth and consistent drums, the instruments underscore his true vulnerability and honesty behind the track.

Alongside its release, Bazzi’s much-anticipated, unnamed debut album was announced to be released on April 12, 2018 through iamcosmic and Atlantic Records including his previous three songs: “Gone,” “Why,” and “Mine.”

IFLY

“I.F.L.Y.” is the third single released by the American singer/songwriter, Bazzi, for his 2019 album, Soul Searching. The single follows “Paradise” and “Focus” and focuses on Bazzi’s feelings towards his girlfriend and supermodel, Renee Herbert.

While most of Bazzi’s music is teased months in advance, “I.F.L.Y.” was first teased a mere three days before the track’s official release.

To whom is Bazzi confessing his love?

Shortly after the release of his debut album, COSMIC, Bazzi began dating Australian supermodel Renee Herbert. Bazzi seemingly officially confirmed the rumors on June 24th, 2018 when he released “lookatyou” on her birthday, which talked about his love and dedication to her. The cover art for “lookatyou” also showed the model barebacked in a field of sunflowers.

How was the tracked teased prior to its release?

Three days before the track released, Bazzi posted a video of him grooving to the song in his car. The next day, Bazzi asked his fans if he should drop a new song on Thursday, which he officially announced on July 17, 2019.

Soul Searching

The second track of Bazzi’s first mixtape, Soul Searching. On the track, Bazzi makes it clear he’s trying to figure out his purpose in this world without the help of others. In a sense, he wants to be left alone as he cannot trust others.

How was the track teased?

On 17 November 2018, Bazzi posted a video of him sitting in his studio listening to the track. Toward the release of the album, Bazzi released a second snippet—albeit shorter—of the track on his Instagram Story.

POWERPOINT :
https://www.canva.com/design/DADo46MJll4/E3n0Qxmn-z4gekTm7ikBfA/edit

Question:
1. Who is Bazzi?
2. When did Bazzi create his vine?
3. What song that made him famous?
4. What album did bazzi create?
5. What's the meaning behind honest?

The Cutest : Red Panda

Red Panda

Scientific Classification 

Kingdom : Animalia

Phylum : Chordata

Class : Mammalia

Order : Carnivora

Family : Ailuridae

Genus : Ailurus

Species : Ailurus Fulgens

Conservation Status

Endangered

The red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is a mammal native to the eastern Himalayas and southwestern China. It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List because the wild population is estimated at fewer than 10,000 mature individuals and continues to decline due to habitat lossand fragmentation, poaching, and inbreeding depression.

The red panda has reddish-brown fur, a long, shaggy tail, and a waddling gait due to its shorter front legs; it is roughly the size of a domestic cat, though with a longer body and somewhat heavier. It is arboreal, feeds mainly on bamboo, but also eats eggs, birds, and insects. It is a solitary animal, mainly active from dusk to dawn, and is largely sedentary during the day. It is also called the lesser panda, the red bear-cat, and the red cat-bear.

The red panda is the only living species of the genus Ailurus and the family Ailuridae. It has been previously placed in the raccoon and bearfamilies, but the results of phylogenetic analysis provide strong support for its taxonomic classification in its own family, Ailuridae, which is part of the superfamily Musteloidea, along with the weasel, racoon and skunk families. Two subspecies are recognized. It is not closely related to the giant panda, which is a basal ursid.

Phylogenetics

(Phylogenetic Tree of Red Panda)

The taxonomic classification of the red panda has been controversial since it was discovered. French zoologist Frédéric Cuvier initially described the red panda in 1825, and classified it as a close relative of the raccoon (Procyonidae), though he gave it the genus name Ailurus, (from Ancient Greek αἴλουρος, "cat"), based on superficial similarities with domestic cats. The specific epithet is the Latin adjective fulgens ("shining").

Recent molecular systematic DNA research also places the red panda into its own family, Ailuridae, a part of the broad superfamily Musteloidea that also includes the mephitids (skunks), procyonids (raccoons), and mustelids (weasels). According to the most recent phylogenetic studies, the red panda's closest relatives within the Musteloidea superfamily are the procyonids and mustelids.

Physical characteristics

( A red panda skull)

The head and body length of a red panda measures 50 to 64 cm (20 to 25 in), and its tail is 28 to 59 cm (11 to 23 in). Males weigh 3.7 to 6.2 kg (8.2 to 13.7 lb) and females 3 to 6.0 kg (6.6 to 13.2 lb). They have long, soft, reddish-brown fur on the upper parts, blackish fur on the lower parts, and a light face with tear markings and robust cranio-dental features. The light face has white badges similar to those of a raccoon, but each individual can have distinctive markings. Their roundish heads have medium-sized upright ears, black noses, and blackish eyes. Their long, bushy tails with six alternating transverse ochre rings provide balance and excellent camouflage against their habitat of moss- and lichen-covered trees. The legs are black and short with thick fur on the soles of the paws. This fur serves as thermal insulation on snow-covered or icy surfaces and conceals scent glands, which are also present on the anus.

The red panda is specialized as a bamboo feeder with strong, curved and sharp semi-retractile claws standing inward for grasping narrow tree branches, leaves, and fruit. Like the giant panda, it has a "false thumb", which is an extension of the wrist bone. When descending a tree head-first, the red panda rotates its ankle to control its descent, one of the few climbing species to do so.

Distribution and habitat

(A red panda sleeping on a tree.)

The red panda is endemic to the temperate forests of the Himalayas, and ranges from the foothills of western Nepal to China in the east. Its easternmost limit is the Qinling Mountains of the Shaanxi Province in China. Its range includes southern Tibet, Sikkim and Assam in India, Bhutan, the northern mountains of Burma, and in south-western China, in the Hengduan Mountains of Sichuan and the Gongshan Mountains in Yunnan. It may also live in south-west Tibet and northern Arunachal Pradesh, but this has not been documented. Locations with the highest density of red pandas include an area in the Himalayas that has been proposed as having been a refuge for a variety of endemic species in the Pleistocene. The distribution range of the red panda should be considered disjunct, rather than continuous. A disjunct population inhabits the Meghalaya Plateau of north-eastern India.

During a survey in the 1970s, signs of red pandas were found in Nepal's Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve. Their presence was confirmed in spring 2007 when four red pandas were sighted at elevations ranging from 3,220 to 3,610 m (10,560 to 11,840 ft). The species' westernmost limit is in Rara National Park located farther west of the Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve. Their presence was confirmed in 2008.

The red panda lives between 2,200 and 4,800 m (7,200 and 15,700 ft) altitude, inhabiting areas of moderate temperature between 10 and 25 °C (50 and 77 °F) with little annual change. It prefers mountainous mixed deciduous and conifer forests, especially with old trees and dense understories of bamboo.

The red panda population in Sichuan Province is larger and more stable than the Yunnan population, suggesting a southward expansion from Sichuan into Yunnan in the Holocene.

The red panda has become extirpated from the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Gansu, Shaanxi, and Qinghai.

Biology and behavior

Behavior

( Red panda when feels threatened )

The red panda is territorial; it is solitary except during mating season. The species is generally quiet except for some twittering, tweeting, and whistling communication sounds. It has been reported to be both nocturnal and crepuscular, sleeping on tree branches or in tree hollows during the day and increasing its activity in the late afternoon and early evening hours. It sleeps stretched out on a branch with legs dangling when it is hot, and curled up with its tail over the face when it is cold. This animal is very heat-sensitive, with an optimal "well-being" temperature between 17 and 25 °C (63 and 77 °F).

Shortly after waking, red pandas clean their fur somewhat like a cat would, licking their front paws and then rubbing their backs, torsos, and sides. They also rub their backs and bellies along the sides of trees or rocks. Then they patrol their territories, marking with urine and a weak musk-smelling secretion from their anal glands. They search for food running along the ground or through the trees. Red pandas may use their forepaws alternately to bring food to their mouths or place food directly into their mouths.

Predators of the red panda include the snow leopard, mustelids, and humans. If they feel threatened or sense danger, they may try to escape by climbing a rock column or tree. If they can no longer flee, they stand on their hind legs to make themselves appear larger and use the sharp claws on their front paws to defend themselves. A red panda, Futa, became a visitor attraction in Japan for his ability to stand upright for ten seconds at a time.

Diet

( Red panda eating leaves )

Red pandas are excellent climbers, and forage largely in trees. They eat mostly bamboo, and may eat small mammals, birds, eggs, flowers, and berries. In captivity, they were observed to eat birds, flowers, maple and mulberry leaves, and bark and fruits of maple, beech, and mulberry.

Like the giant panda, they cannot digest cellulose, so they must consume a large volume of bamboo to survive. Their diets consist of about two-thirds bamboo, but they also eat mushrooms, roots, acorns, lichens, and grasses. Occasionally, they supplement their diets with fish and insects. They do little more than eat and sleep due to their low-calorie diets.

Reproduction

( A red panda tending its cub )

Red pandas are able to reproduce at around 18 months of age, and are fully mature at two to three years. Adults rarely interact in the wild except to mate. Both sexes may mate with more than one partner during the mating season from mid-January to early March. A few days before birth, females begin to collect material, such as brushwood, grass, and leaves, to build a nest, which is normally located in a hollow tree or a rock crevice. After a gestation period of 112 to 158 days, the female gives birth in mid-June to late July to one to four (usually 1–2) blind and deaf cubs weighing 110 to 130 g (3.9 to 4.6 oz) each.

After birth, the mother cleans the cubs, and can then recognize each by its smell. At first, she spends 60% to 90% of her time with the cubs. After the first week, the mother starts spending more time outside the nest, returning every few hours to nurse and groom the cubs. She moves the young frequently among several nests, all of which she keeps clean. The cubs start to open their eyes at about 18 days of age. By about 90 days, they achieve full adult fur and coloring, and begin to venture out of the nest. They also start eating solid foods at this point, weaning at around six to eight months of age. The cubs stay with their mother until the next litter is born in the following summer. Males rarely help raise the young, and only if they live in pairs or in small groups.

A red panda's average lifespan is between eight and 10 years, but individuals have been known to reach 15 years

Threats

The primary threats to red pandas are direct harvest from the wild, live or dead, competition with domestic livestock resulting in habitat degradation, and deforestation resulting in habitat loss or fragmentation. The relative importance of these factors is different in each region, and is not well understood. For instance, in India, the biggest threat seems to be habitat loss followed by poaching, while in China, the biggest threat seems to be hunting and poaching. A 40% decrease in red panda populations has been reported in China over the last 50 years, and populations in western Himalayan areas are considered to be lower.

Deforestation can inhibit the spread of red pandas and exacerbate the natural population subdivision by topography and ecology, leading to severe fragmentation of the remaining wild population. Fewer than 40 animals in four separate groups share resources with humans in Nepal's Langtang National Park, where only 6% of 1,710 km² (660 sq mi) is preferred red panda habitat. Although direct competition for food with domestic livestock is not significant, livestock can depress bamboo growth by trampling.

Small groups of animals with little opportunity for exchange between them face the risk of inbreeding, decreased genetic diversity, and even extinction. In addition, clearcutting for firewood or agriculture, including hillside terracing, removes old trees that provide maternal dens and decreases the ability of some species of bamboo to regenerate.

In south-west China, red pandas are hunted for their fur, especially for the highly valued bushy tails, from which hats are produced. In these areas, the fur is often used for local cultural ceremonies. In weddings, the bridegroom traditionally carries the hide. The "good-luck charm" red panda-tail hats are also used by local newly-weds. This practice may be quite old, as the red panda seems to be depicted in a 13th-century Chinese pen-and-ink scroll showing a hunting scene. Little or no mention of the red panda is made in the culture and folklore of Nepal.

In the past, red pandas were captured and sold to zoos. In an article appearing in the International Zoo News in 1969, one reported he personally had handled 350 red pandas in 17 years.

Due to CITES, this zoo harvest has decreased substantially in recent years, but poaching continues, and red pandas are often sold to private collectors at exorbitant prices. In some parts of Nepal and India, red pandas are kept as pets.

The red panda has a naturally low birth rate (usually one single or twin birth per year), and a high death rate in the wild

Conservation

( Red Panda at Rara National Park )

Worldwide population estimates range from fewer than 2,500 to between 16,000 and 20,000 individuals. In 1999, the total population in China was estimated at between 3,000 and 7,000 individuals. In 2001, the wild population in India was estimated at between 5,000 and 6,000 individuals. Estimates for Nepal indicate only a few hundred individuals. No records from Bhutan or Burma exist.

The red panda is protected in all range countries, and hunting is illegal. Beyond this, conservation efforts are highly variable between countries:

• China has 35 protected areas, covering about 42.4% of red panda habitat.
• India has 20 protected areas with known or possible red panda populations in Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, and West Bengal such as Khangchendzonga, Namdapha and Singalila National Parks, and a coordinated conservation policy for the red panda.
• In Nepal, known populations occur in Langtang, Sagarmatha, Makalu Barun and Rara National Parks, Annapurna Conservation Area, Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, and Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve.
• Bhutan has five protected areas that support red panda populations.
• Burma has 26 protected areas, of which at least one hosts red panda populations.

As pets

(Indira Gandhi)

The most often cited example of keeping red pandas as pets is the case of former Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi. Pandas were presented to her family as a gift, and they were then housed in "a special tree house".

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Question:
1. What is Red Panda?
2. How about the red panda habit when he feels threatened?
3. What is Red Panda's food?
4. Where are the red panda's conservation sites?
5. Who is the famous person who keeps the red panda?